Confined spaces can be categorized generally as those with open tops and with a depth that will restrict the natural movement of air, and enclosed spaces with very limited openings for entry.

In either of these cases, the space may contain mechanical equipment with moving parts. Any combination of these parameters will change the nature of the hazards encountered.

Degreasers, pits, and certain types of storage tanks may be classified as open topped confined spaces that usually contain no moving parts. However, gases that are heavier than air (butane, propane, and other hydrocarbons) remain in depressions and will flow to low points where they are difficult to remove.

Open topped water tanks that appear harmless may develop toxic atmospheres such as hydrogen sulfide from the vaporization of contaminated water. Therefore, these gases (heavier than air) are a primary concern when entry into such a confined space is being planned.

Other hazards may develop due to the work performed in the confined space or because of corrosive residues that accelerate the decomposition of scaffolding supports and electrical components.

If your workers enter or work in confined spaces, the use of confined space signs, permit signs, posters and stencils are vitally important. For a selection of confined space items, check out seton.com.

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